Allyl Cyanide CAS NO. 109-75-1
CAS NO. 109-75-1
Content: ≥99%
Packaging: 170 kg per barrel
3-Butenenitrile: A Comprehensive Overview
1.Allyl Cyanide Introduction:
3-Butenenitrile, also known as 3-butene-1-nitrile or allyl cyanide,
is a significant organic compound with the chemical formula C4H5N. This
unsaturated nitrile is characterized by its unique chemical structure,
making it valuable in various applications across different industries.
In this comprehensive overview, we will delve into the properties,
synthesis methods, uses, and safety considerations associated with
3-butenenitrile.
2. Allyl Cyanide Chemical Properties:
- Chemical Formula: C4H5N
- Molecular Weight:67.09 g/mol
- Physical State:3-Butenenitrile is a colorless to pale yellow liquid at room temperature.
- Odor:It possesses a pungent, sharp, and slightly fruity odor.
- Boiling Point:Approximately 132-134°C (269-273°F)
- Melting Point: -82°C (-116°F)
- Density: 0.813 g/cm³
- Solubility:It is sparingly soluble in water but miscible with many organic solvents.
- Reactivity: 3-Butenenitrile is known for its reactivity in various
chemical reactions, including nucleophilic addition reactions and
polymerization.
3.Allyl Cyanide Synthesis:
The synthesis of 3-butenenitrile can be accomplished through several
methods, with one of the primary routes being the reaction of allyl
chloride with sodium cyanide. The reaction can be represented as
follows:
```
CH2=CH-CH2CN + NaCN → CH2=C(CH3)-CH=CH2 + NaCl
```
Other methods include the reaction of propenenitrile with strong bases or the dehydration of 4-hydroxybutyronitrile.
4. Allyl Cyanide Uses:
3-Butenenitrile has diverse applications in various industries due to its unique chemical properties:
- Chemical Intermediates: It serves as a crucial intermediate in the
synthesis of various organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals,
agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals.
- Polymerization:3-Butenenitrile can polymerize to form
polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a widely used synthetic fiber known for its
excellent thermal and chemical resistance. PAN is utilized in textiles
and carbon fiber production.
- Adhesives and Coatings:It is employed in the manufacture of
adhesives, coatings, and sealants with high resistance to chemicals and
temperature.
- Pharmaceuticals: It is used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals as a building block.
- Research and Development: 3-Butenenitrile is essential in organic
chemistry research and development for its versatility as a chemical
reagent.
5.Allyl Cyanide Safety Considerations:
Handling 3-butenenitrile requires careful attention to safety due to its toxicity and reactivity:
- It is toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin.
Adequate protective measures, such as gloves and goggles, should be used
when working with this compound.
- Proper ventilation is crucial when using 3-butenenitrile to prevent exposure to its vapors.
- Storage should be in a cool, well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials.
- It is flammable and should be kept away from open flames and heat sources.
In conclusion, 3-butenenitrile is a versatile and important organic compound with a range of applications across multiple industries, including pharmaceuticals, textiles, adhesives, and more. Its unique chemical structure and reactivity make it a valuable building block in organic synthesis. However, its handling requires strict adherence to safety protocols due to its toxicity and flammability.
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